"I always feel at home in a water environment and have grown to appreciate the vital role that water plays in my existence. As a living substance that is the foundation of all life processes on Earth, water is not an ordinary commodity but something marvelous, magical and sacred"
Altman, Sacred Water: The Spiritual Source of Life (Mahwah, NJ: Hidden Spring, 2002)
Bachelard remarks that "water, the substance oflife is also the substance of death for ambivalent reverie" It is also for him a Jungian archetype enabling us to imagine that the "dead person is given bacl to his mother to be born again"
In is novel Chevengur, the Russian writer Andrei Platonov talks about a "poetics of water" aligned with Bachelard's own imagery.
According to Jung, the image of the Todtenbaum, the death tree, is associated with the myth of water burial, in which the dead person is imagined to be reborn in the future. In his dissertation on Platonov, Waterworks: Andrei Platonov's Fluid Anti-Utopia, Seungdo Ra, refers to the Todtenbaum and the Native American practice of burying their dead by either tying stones to the deceased's body and sinking it in a lake, river, or spring, or of setting the body afloat in a canoe.
"... they believed that the canoe is the womb of the water goddess from which the sould would be re born in a future life. Similarly, in Kotlovan, Platonov shows us a ritual of water burial wehre the kalaks are floated away on a raft along the river. "
A dugout or dugout canoe is a boat which is basically a hollowed tree trunk. Other names for this type of boat are logboat and monoxylon. Monoxylon (μονόξυλον) (pl: monoxyla) is Greek -- mono (single) + xylon (tree) -- and is mostly used in classic Greek texts. Some, but not all, pirogues are also constructed in this manner.
Dugouts are the oldest boats archaeologists have found. In Germany they are called Einbaum (English translation: One tree). This is probably because they are made of massive pieces of wood, which tend to preserve better than, e.g., bark canoes. Einbaum dug-out boat finds in Germany date back to the Stone Age. Along with bark canoe and hide kayak, dugout boats were also used by indigenous peoples of the Americas.
A dugout or dugout canoe is a boat which is basically a hollowed tree trunk. Other names for this type of boat are logboat and monoxylon. Monoxylon (μονόξυλον) (pl: monoxyla) is Greek -- mono (single) + xylon (tree) -- and is mostly used in classic Greek texts. Some, but not all, pirogues are also constructed in this manner.
Dugouts are the oldest boats archaeologists have found. In Germany they are called Einbaum (English translation: One tree). This is probably because they are made of massive pieces of wood, which tend to preserve better than, e.g., bark canoes. Einbaum dug-out boat finds in Germany date back to the Stone Age. Along with bark canoe and hide kayak, dugout boats were also used by indigenous peoples of the Americas.
The design and manufacture of kayaks have gone through many stages over the centuries, from primitive, handmade crafts used for survival to mass-produced sporting boats. Archeological evidence shows that kayaks were used at least 2,000 years ago by Eskimos for transportation, hunting, and fishing. Eskimo kayaks typically weighed about 26 pounds (12 kg), were 18-20 feet (5.5-6 m) long and 20 inches (51 cm) wide. The Eskimos lashed bone or driftwood into frames with seal sinew or gut. Seal or caribou skins were stripped of hair, tied together, and soaked in water before being tightly stretched over the frame. The skins stretched taut as they dried. Seams were waterproofed with boiled seal oil or caribou fat. Limitations such as the availability, shape, and size of natural materials did not hinder the grace and durability of the Eskimo kayak. Modern kayak designers and manufacturers are indebted to these early engineers both for the concept of the kayak as a low, covered boat as well as for specific features which make the boat so seaworthy.
By A.D. 900, kayaks were being used in Europe. New designs in frames and coverings addressed the need to easily transport the kayak over land. One of these designs was a revolutionary collapsible kayak model called a foldboat which was invented in Germany in the 1800s. The foldboat used a rubberized canvas outer layer stretched over a folding tubular frame. The foldboat could be disassembled and carried in just two suitcases.
More recently, the primary use of kayaks has shifted from hunting and transportation to recreation and competitive sport. Kayaking for recreation began on rivers and lakes in the late 1800s.
By A.D. 900, kayaks were being used in Europe. New designs in frames and coverings addressed the need to easily transport the kayak over land. One of these designs was a revolutionary collapsible kayak model called a foldboat which was invented in Germany in the 1800s. The foldboat used a rubberized canvas outer layer stretched over a folding tubular frame. The foldboat could be disassembled and carried in just two suitcases.
More recently, the primary use of kayaks has shifted from hunting and transportation to recreation and competitive sport. Kayaking for recreation began on rivers and lakes in the late 1800s.
UNDERGROUND WATER
Blue Holes and Old Canoes
http://www.blueholes.org/The%20Rob%20Palmer%20Blue%20Holes%20Foundation/Archeological%20finds.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xzwj6xH-uw4
Sub - Urban Adventures
http://www.sub-urban.com/megatron/
http://www.sub-urban.com/crystalphallus/
http://www.sub-urban.com/deepochre/
http://www.sub-urban.com/underground.shtml
Alex Wise images - also underground river and mental hospital Tas
http://www.alexwisephotography.net/blog/tag/urbex/
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